Art Institute of Chicago (Egyptian) · other

Tetradrachm (Coin) Portraying King Ptolemy II Philadelphos and Queen Arsinoe II

Source of record: Art Institute of Chicago (Egyptian) — catalogued by the holding institution. View the original record →

Description

The front (obverse) of this coin portrays the heads of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II, facing to the right. The back (reverse) portrays the head of Ptolemy I and Berenice I, facing to the right. The son and daughter of Ptolemy I inherited the crown of Egypt jointly. Following the customs of Egyptian pharaohs, Ptolemy II (reigned 285–246 BCE) and Arsinoe II (reigned 276–270 BCE) married and ruled as both siblings and spouses. To celebrate their partnership they commissioned this remarkable coin. On his coins, Ptolemy I presented himself as a Greek, and specifically a Macedonian, king.

AI image analysis GPT-5.4-nano

Machine-generated from the object's image on Jul 2026. Not curatorial; treat deities, names, and signs below as the model's best reading, not authority.

Two sides of a gold coin are shown in close-up, each bearing a right-facing portrait of a royal figure with curly hair, along with surrounding incised/relief marks resembling Greek-style inscriptions rather than Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The image shows an obverse and reverse view of a small gold coin. On the left side, a central bust of a man with curly hair faces right; the bust is encircled by a dotted/segmented border and additional small punched/engraved characters along the field. On the right side, a similar bust of a second royal figure faces right, also encircled by a border and surrounded by closely spaced engraved characters. The depicted portraits and inscription style are consistent with Hellenistic/Ptolemaic coin iconography. No clear Egyptian hieroglyphic layout, cartouches, or clearly readable hieroglyphs are visible at this resolution. There is no visible Greek, Coptic, or Arabic text legible enough to quote accurately, though the presence of small engraved characters is clear. No deities are explicitly identifiable from the portraits alone.

royal Ptolemaic Period (reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphos / Arsinoe II), 3rd century BCE (approx., based on catalogue subject) good
Royals Ptolemy II PhiladelphosArsinoe II
Materials gold
Signs Engraved/relief inscription characters around portrait (not clearly legible)

Inscriptions (1)

Inscription #1

English description

Obverse: A°E°ØΩN [of the siblings] Reverse: _ EΩN [of the gods]

Connections

Cross-references (1)

  • ARTIC-id 4434 tier-2
About this record's data
  • From the source institution — accession, description, dimensions, and dating are as catalogued by Art Institute of Chicago (Egyptian).
  • AI-inferred — the image-analysis panel (deities, names, signs) is machine-generated and may be wrong.
  • Approximate location — most map points are plotted at the site centroid, not the exact findspot.
  • Inferred links — cross-references marked with a match method other than explicit-source-field were matched by us, not stated by the source.